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地表殘膜回收機的設計與研究畢業設計
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- 地表殘膜回收機的設計與研究畢業設計
摘 要
地膜覆蓋種植技術可大幅度提高作物單產水平，因而得以大面積推廣使用，但用過的地膜不能及時回收，滯留在田間。對土壤及生態環境都造成了污染。從殘膜不能及時回收的原因分析入手，結合各地條件闡述了不同類型的殘膜回收機的特性和使用狀況，并提出了解決這一問題的措施和建議。
地膜覆蓋技術能夠改良和提高莊稼的出苗率，但是在莊稼收獲以后要回收殘留在土壤中的地膜，及時回收,以至于不污染土壤和浪費塑料資源。從某個角度分析塑料資源由于污染而浪費過多，塑料產品生產領域不呢感對殘膜回收和利用。為了減少塑料的污染要殘膜完全的回收處理在利用。
發展地表殘膜回收機械是治理殘膜污染的有效方法，殘膜的再生利用是保護環境，變廢為寶，防治殘膜污染的關鍵所在。
通過理論分析和田間試驗，設計研制了一種使用于秋收前在最后一水后進行的地表殘膜回收機。介紹這一機器的工作原理和有關設計參數。試驗表明該機結構簡單，工作可靠，動力消耗少，適應性廣。通過分析殘膜回收機的破膜器，撿拾機構，輸送裝置，傳動裝置，集膜裝置等主要工作部件，對殘膜回收機械總體的設計方案、主要參數選擇、工藝流程等進行了詳細的分析。
實踐證明，該機還具有結構簡單、工作可靠、通用性好等特點，
關鍵詞：白色污染 殘膜回收 農用地膜 撿拾機構
Abstract
Plastic film laying on crop is widely used in china,but most of the used films are left in the fields after harvesting ,and pollution is made both to the soil and environment .the reasons that the used films can not be collected in time are analyzed .countering the local condition of different area ,the different types of collectors are described .measurements and suggestions are given to solve the problem.
Plastic film plant technology can be robbed and improve the output of crops ,but after the crop is reaped ,remain into field mould membrane be removed ,retrieve in time ,so as not to pollute the soil and waste plastics resources .proceed from the angle of pitting is analyzed that the incomplete membrane is polluted and endangered ,produces and uses from the plastic film ,incomplete membrane retrieve and utilize respect explain manage measure and suggestion that film pollutes again.
Develop incomplete membrane retrieve machinery to incomplete membrane effective method of pollution, incomplete regeneration of membrane to protect the environment, turn wealth, prevent and cure incomplete membrane key of pollution.
A plastic film collector was invented with analysis of motional tracks and experiments .The working principle and designing parameters of collector were introduced .Experiments indicated that this machine has some advantages such as high working reliability ,low energy consumption ,and simple structure .Through analyses incomplete membrane person who retrieve get up membrane device ,person who supports membrane ,unload membrane brush ,transmission device ,collect membrane device groundwork part ,retrieve to incomplete membrane machinery total plan of design ,main parameter choosing ,technological process ,etc .carry on detailed analysis.
Practice has proved : In addition machine this have structure to be simple ,work reliable ,common ability characteristic such as being kind also .
Keywords: plastic film playing; used film; collection
目 錄
摘要...............................................................1
英文摘要..........................................................2
1. 前言...........................................................3
2. 課題的來源及目的意義.........................................3
2.1地膜覆蓋種植技術發展概況.....................................3
2.2地膜覆蓋種植技術帶來得負面影響...............................3
2.3殘膜回收的一般方法...........................................4
2.4殘膜機收的必要性.............................................4
3. 地膜回收技術在國內外的應用及存在問題.......................4
3.1目前國內殘膜回收機現狀.......................................4
3.2 國內機具研究的情況...........................................4
3.3 現有的地膜回收機械..........................................8
3.4 綜上所述殘膜回收技術應用存在的問題..........................9
3.4.1 頭水前揭膜................................................9
3.4.2 收獲后殘膜回收............................................9
3.4.3 春播前拾膜................................................9
3.5 新疆建設兵團棉花種植情況存在的問題......................... 9
4. 地膜回收方案選擇.......................................10
4.1技術要求....................................................10
4.2機器作業工藝方案............................................10
5. 方案的選擇說明.........................................10
5.1收膜工藝....................................................10
5.2各部件的結構特點............................................11
5.2.1 劃膜部件................................................. 11
5.2.2 撿膜部件................................................. 11
5.2.3脫卸膜部件分析............................................ 11
5.2.4集膜部件分析.............................................. 12
5.2.5動力分析.................................................. 12
5.2.6得出方案.................................................. 12
6. 設計的主要參數.........................................12
6．1破膜部件...................................................12
6．2撿膜部件....................................................13
6.2.1圓弧形彈齒滾筒機構的構造及工作原理........................13
6.2.2齒間距的選定及實際配齒法..................................13
6.2.3 結 論....................................................14
6．3脫卸膜部件.................................................. 14
6.3.1脫卸膜部件采用方式........................................14
6.3.2滾筒直徑的選取............................................15
6.3.3安全系數..................................................16
6．4集膜部件....................................................16
6.5軸的設計計算................................................16
6．6機架設計....................................................17
6.7直齒圓柱齒輪的計算..........................................17
7. 設計評價......................................................19
8.結束語......................................................... 20
9.參數文獻.......................................................21
10.致謝..........................................................22
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